An Introduction to Writing Systems:
A review of script characteristics affecting computer-based script
support and Unicode
Front matter


Objectives


Scripts addressed and Reference examples


Large character sets


CJK character sets


Chinese


Japanese


Korean


Visual characteristics


Radicals


Implementing multi-byte characters


Unification


Encoding methods


Respecting character boundaries


Inputting ideographic characters


Getting to the right character quickly


Chinese input methods


Alternative representations of characters


Summary


Complex script rendering


Definitions


Combining characters


Arabic & Hebrew short vowels


Context-sensitive placement of diacritics


Vowel signs


Coding combining characters


Precomposed vs. decomposed


Normalization


Context-sensitive glyph shaping


Word final glyph variants


Cursive script


Inputting cursive glyphs


Conjunct consonants


More character to glyph rendering


Special joining forms


Positioning variation


Ligatures


Joiner & non-joiner control characters


Summary


Text direction


Vertical text


Text flow


Rotations & shifts


Tate chu yoko


Vertical columns


Bidirectional text


Right alignment


Bidirectional ordering


Unicode bidirectional algorithm


Mirrored characters


Bidi formatting control characters


Visual selection


Directional bias in layout & graphics


Screen layout


Graphics, icons and charts


Linguistic boundaries, line breaking & justification


Word boundaries


Western


Chinese


Japanese


Korean


Thai


Line breaking


Basic alternatives


CJH line breaking rules


Wrapping Latin text in Arabic & Hebrew


Hyphenation


Justification


Basic alternatives


Justification in Chinese & Japanese


Justification in Arabic


Other typographic & implementation issues


Character size & line height


Glyph complexity


Line height & inter-line spacing


Baseline alignment


Proportional spacing


Ruby


Furigana


Bopomofo


Interlinear annotation characters


Miscellaneous


Emphasis


Kumimoji and warichu


Sorting & case conversion


Sorting


Basic Latin


Arabic


Thai


Korean


Chinese & Japanese


Multilingual text


Indexing & alphabetic ordering


Case conversion


Key sources


Version: $Id: about.html,v 1.31 2003/06/23 16:16:10 rishida Exp $